Tuesday, November 29, 2011

DVDs Regional coding-S-Video-Speaker Cables


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DVD's Regional Coding

DVD's are encoded for six different regions around the world. Hollywood's film studios have been alarmed when DVD started to take off. An encoding principle was introduced, to prevent discs of the latest movies being played in countries where the particular movies have not been brought out at this time. A digital flag on the disc tells the DVD player where the DVD comes from. The DVD player should play only the permitted DVDs for the region where the DVD player was bought.
This priciple is not acceptable for professional and AV installations and a lot of interregional players are available already.



Region 0: Plays on any DVD player
Region 1: USA
Region 2: Europe and Japan
Region 3: Asian Pacific
Region 4: Australia, New Zealand and Latin America
Region 5: Africa, Russia and Eastern Europe
Region 6: China and Hong Kong
Region 7: Reserved for broadcasting
Region 8: Special international venues (airplanes, cruise ships, etc.)
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Television Standards by Country

COUNTRY
SIGNAL TYPE
AFGHANISTAN PAL B, SECAM B
ALBANIA PAL B/G
ALGERIA PAL B/G
ANGOLA PAL I
ANTARCTICA NTSC M
ANTIGUA & BARBUDA NTSC M
ARGENTINA PAL N
ARMENIA SECAM D/K
ARUBA NTSC M
AUSTRALIA PAL B/G
AUSTRIA PAL B/G
AZERBAIJAN SECAM D/K
AZORES PAL B
BAHAMAS NTSC M
BAHRAIN PAL B/G
BANGLADESH PAL B
BARBADOS NTSC M
BELARUS SECAM D/K
BELGIUM PAL B/H
BELGIUM (ARMED FORCES NETWORK) NTSC M
BELIZE NTSC M
BENIN SECAM K
BERMUDA NTSC M
BOLIVIA NTSC M
BOSNIA/HERZEGOVINA PAL B/H
BOTSWANA SECAM K, PAL I
BRAZIL PAL M
BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY
(AF DIEGO GARCIA TV - AFRTS)
NTSC M
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM PAL B
BULGARIA PAL
BURKINA FASO SECAM K
BURUNDI SECAM K
CAMBODIA PAL B/G, NTSC M
CAMEROON PAL B/G
CANADA NTSC M
CANARY ISLANDS PAL B/G
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC SECAM K
CHAD SECAM D
CHILE NTSC M
CHINA (PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC) PAL D
COLOMBIA NTSC M
CONGO (PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC) SECAM K
CONGO, DEM. REP. (ZAIRE) SECAM K
COOK ISLANDS PAL B
COSTA RICA NTSC M
COTE D'IVOIRE (IVORY COAST) SECAM K/D
CROATIA PAL B/H
CUBA NTSC M
CYPRUS PAL B/G
CZECH REPUBLIC PAL B/G (cable), PAL D/K (broadcast)
DENMARK PAL B/G
DIEGO GARCIA NTSC M
DJIBOUTI SECAM K
DOMINICA NTSC M
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC NTSC M
EAST TIMOR PAL B
EASTER ISLAND PAL B
ECUADOR NTSC M
EGYPT PAL B/G, SECAM B/G
EL SALVADOR NTSC M
EQUITORIAL GUINEA SECAM B
ESTONIA PAL B/G
ETHIOPIA PAL B
FALKLAND ISLANDS (LAS MALVINAS) PAL I
FIJI NTSC M
FINLAND PAL B/G
FRANCE SECAM L
FRANCE (FRENCH FORCES TV) SECAM G
GABON SECAM K
GALAPAGOS ISLANDS NTSC M
GAMBIA PAL B
GEORGIA SECAM D/K
GERMANY PAL B/G
GERMANY (ARMED FORCES TV GERMANY) NTSC M
GHANA PAL B/G
GIBRALTAR PAL B/G
GREECE PAL B/G
GREENLAND PAL B
GRENADA NTSC M
GUAM NTSC M
GUADELOUPE SECAM K
GUATEMALA NTSC M
GUIANA (FRENCH) SECAM K
GUINEA PAL K
GUYANA NTSC M
HAITI SECAM
HONDURAS NTSC M
HONG KONG PAL I
HUNGARY PAL K/K
ICELAND PAL B/G
INDIA PAL B
INDONESIA PAL B
IRAN SECAM B/G
IRAQ PAL
IRELAND, REPUBLIC OF PAL I
ISLE OF MAN PAL
ISRAEL PAL B/G
ITALY PAL B/G
JAMAICA NTSC M
JAPAN NTSC M
JOHNSTONE ISLAND NTSC M
JORDAN PAL B/G
KAZAKHSTAN SECAM D/K
KENYA PAL B/G
KOREA (NORTH) SECAM D, PAL D/K
KOREA (SOUTH) NTSC M
KUWAIT PAL B/G
KYRGYZ REPUBLIC SECAM D/K
LAOS PAL B
LATVIA PAL B/G, SECAM D/K
LEBANON PAL B/G
LESOTHO PAL K
LIBERIA PAL B/H
LIBYA PAL B/G
LIECHTENSTEIN PAL B/G
LITHUANIA PAL B/G, SECAM D/K
LUXEMBOURG PAL B/G, SECAM L
MACAU PAL I
MACEDONIA PAL B/H
MADAGASCAR SECAM K
MADEIRA PAL B
MALAYSIA PAL B
MALDIVES PAL B
MALI SECAM K
MALTA PAL B
MARSHALL ISLANDS NTSC M
MARTINIQUE SECAM K
MAURITANIA SECAM B
MAURITIUS SECAM B
MAYOTTE SECAM K
MEXICO NTSC M
MICRONESIA NTSC M
MIDWAY ISLAND NTSC M
MOLDOVA (MOLDAVIA) SECAM D/K
MONACO SECAM L, PAL G
MONGOLIA SECAM D
MONTSERRAT NTSC M
MOROCCO SECAM B
MOZAMBIQUE PAL B
MYANMAR (BURMA) NTSC M
NAMIBIA PAL I
NEPAL B
NETHERLANDS PAL B/G
NETHERLANDS (ARMED FORCES NETWORK) NTSC M
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES NTSC M
NEW CALEDONIA SECAM K
NEW ZEALAND PAL B/G
NICARAGUA NTSC M
NIGER SECAM K
NIGERIA PAL B/G
NORFOLK ISLAND PAL B
NORTH MARIANA ISLANDS NTSC M
NORWAY PAL B/G
OMAN PAL B/G
PAKISTAN PAL B
PALAU NTSC M
PANAMA NTSC M
PAPUA NEW GUINEA PAL B/G
PARAGUAY PAL N
PERU NTSC M
PHILIPPINES NTSC M
POLAND PAL D/K
POLYNESIA (FRENCH) SECAM K
PORTUGAL PAL B/G
PUERTO RICO NTSC M
QATAR PAL B
REUNION SECAM K
ROMANIA PAL D/G
RUSSIA SECAM D/K
ST. KITTS & NEVIS NTSC M
ST. LUCIA NTSC M
ST. PIERRE ET MIQUELON SECAM K
ST. VINCENT NTSC M
SAO TOMÉ E PRINCIPE PAL B/G
SAMOA, AMERICAN NTSC
SAUDI ARABIA SECAM B/G, PAL B
SAMOA NTSC M
SENEGAL SECAM K
SEYCHELLES PAL B/G
SIERRA LEONE PAL B/G
SINGAPORE PAL B/G
SLOVAKIA PAL B/G
SLOVENIA PAL B/H
SOMALIA PAL B/G
SOUTH AFRICA PAL I
SPAIN PAL B/G
SRI LANKA PAL
SUDAN PAL B
SURINAME NTSC M
SWAZILAND PAL B/G
SWEDEN PAL B/G
SWITZERLAND PAL B/G
SYRIA SECAM B, PAL G
TAHITI SECAM
TAIWAN NTSC
TAJIKISTAN SECAM D/K
TANZANIA PAL B
THAILAND PAL B/M
TOGO SECAM K
TRINIDAD & TOBAGO NTSC M
TUNISIA SECAM B/G
TURKEY PAL B
TURKMENISTAN SECAM D/K
TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS NTSC M
UGANDA PAL B/G
UKRAINE SECAM D/K
URUGUAY PAL N
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES PAL B/G
UNITED STATES NTSC M
UNITED KINGDOM PAL I
UZBEKISTAN SECAM D/K
VENEZUELA NTSC M
VIETNAM NTSC M,SECAM D
VIRGIN ISLANDS (US & BRITISH) NTSC M
WALLIS & FUTUNA SECAM K
YEMEN PAL B/NTSC M
YUGOSLAVIA PAL B/G
ZAMBIA PAL B/G
ZIMBABWE PAL B/G

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S-Video / S-VHS 4-pin Din Plug Wiring Diagram

For Wiring a Scart for SVHS - see Scart Connector Pin Tables
All connectors are available from www.lektropacks.co.uk

S-Video Connection Pinout
PIN DESCRIPTION Impedance Level
1 GND Ground (Y) . .
2 GND Ground © . .
3 Y Intensity (Luminance) 75 Ohms 1V incl. Sync.
4 C Color (Chrominance) 75 Ohms 0.3V Burst
 View to the solder side of the male connector

S-Video Cable for Scart S-Video Input
S-Video Out TV Scart (Input)
Luminance Out (Y) 20 Luminance In
Chrominance Out (C) 15 Chrominance In
GND 4+17 GND
Audio Out L 2 Audio In L
Audio Out R 6 Audio In R
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Understanding Resolutions, Pixels & Scan Rates


Resolutions Resolution means the number of pixels (dots), which are points of colour that a display monitor contains. This is expressed in the; number of pixels there are on the width, and the number of pixels on the height, of the display screen.

i.e. 640 x 480 = 680 dots across the screen and 480 dots down the screen.

Different resolutions are: i.e. VGA, SVGA, XGA, SXGA & UXGA

The following table summarizes the categories of screen resolution, as discussed above:

Width x Height (pixels) Video Display Category
640 x 480
VGA
800 X 600
SVGA
1024 X 768
XGA
1280 X 1024
SXGA
1600 X 1200
UXGA
For DVI/HDTV formats see DVI & HDTV Formats.

What are Pixels?

The pixel is the basic unit of programmable colour on a computer display or image. The physical size of the pixel depends on how the resolution on the display screen has been set. Modern technology has given us the Plasma, LCD & Projector that can now offer a variety of screen settings (resolutions); and screen sharpness is often expressed as dpi (dots (pixels) per inch). Both the screen size and the resolution setting of the screen determine dots per inch - i.e. an image/picture will have a lower resolution (fewer dots per inch) on a large screen because the dots have to spread themselves out over a physical larger area.

Scan Rates

Scan rates are the determined speed of which the screen can redraw a single image it is also referred to as the Refresh Rate. The faster the scan rate (refresh rate) the quicker the re-draw thus less motion artefacts on fast moving action scenes.
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Speaker Cables

Hi-Fi purists make a lot of noise about speaker cables, sometimes spending several hundreds of pounds on a metre of specialist cable. However, the main function of speaker cable is to provide a low-resistance path between the amplifier and the loudspeaker, so thin bell wire is obviously a bad idea – not only will thin wire take some of your amplifiers power and turn it into heat, it will markedly reduce the damping factor of the amplifier.
Without getting too technical, the damping factor of an amplifier is its ability to sink the current being produced when a loudspeaker overshoots its position and starts to function as a generator rather than a motor; thus the amplifier damps the speaker movement, keeping it under control – producing a tighter more accurate bass end.
The most pragmatic approach is to use the shortest speaker leads you can, make sure they are both the same length, and choose heavier cable.
The simple matter about speaker cables is that by far the most important element is the cables resistance. Resistance is not everything, capacitance, inductance and other poindexter-type wire qualities do play their role, but none of them matter until the resistance is bought under control. Generally, you should think in terms of the resistance as being about 75% of any speaker cables performance.
To simplify, resistance can be thought of as the size of a pipe in a plumbing system. The bigger the pipe, the more water it can pass and the lower the resistance. The smaller the pipe, the less water it can pass and thus higher resistance. Resistance is a function not only of size but length too – therefore the longer your cable the more resistance it will have. The moral of this story is, the lower resistance a speaker cable has, the more signal it will allow to pass through.
The basic way to lower the resistance is to increase the amount (gauge) of wire used. Wire is typically measured in gauge, i.e. number of strands inside the cable.
We would recommend nothing less than a 42 strand, 79 strands being the most popular but gauges up to 252 strands are available.
Speaker cable is a minefield of conflicting information; many manufacturers claiming all manner of results, which cannot be electrically tested (very convenient), only when listening will one be able to experience the difference (obviously with the help of the placebo effect and an over zealous salesman).

Bi-Wire

At this point we fell we should mention bi-wiring, this is a system which uses a separate low and high frequency speaker signal being sent from a bi-wired amplifier to a pair of bi-wired speakers.
The principle being that your speaker has at least two drivers, a bass driver and a treble driver (tweeter) – speakers with this b-wire input are designed to accept separate low frequency (bass) and high frequency (treble) signals from your amplifier. Thus allowing each separate driver in the speaker to only receive the frequencies that it intends to output, i.e. your bass driver is only sent the bass sounds of any music playing and thus the bass driver does not try to reproduce the treble frequencies and can therefore produces a tighter, crisper and timely bass with the reverse being true for the treble.

So how can we summarise Speaker Cables?

  1. Speaker cable cannot make your system any better – only reduce the amount of loss.
  2. Shorter cable lengths where possible – the longer the cable the more signal loss.
  3. Longer lengths double the gauge of cable. (i.e. short runs being made in a 79 strand, therefore for the longer runs double the gauge and use an 168 strand.)
  4. If you have an amplifier and speakers that accept bi-wire – USE IT.
  5. The best speaker cables – do not have any; use amplified speakers (of course you can then have pre-amp issues).

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Thanks to :
http://www.theavguide.co.uk/view_page.php?cat=10&&page=40

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