ADSL2 + Linksys WRT310N - Setting up a Linksys router for DSL Internet connection

Setting up a Linksys router for DSL Internet connection

This article will guide you on how to properly setup your Linksys router for DSL Internet connection.
Before setting up your Linksys router, make sure that your computer has active Internet connection.  You can do this by connecting your computer to the modem using an Ethernet cable and try browsing any website.  If you cannot access the Internet, contact your Internet Service Provider (ISP).  You can also contact them if you are uncertain about the type of Internet connection you have.
NOTE:  If your Internet service does not involve a modem, you can contact your ISP to verify your connection type and determine what kind of cable is to be used.

NOTE:  Image may vary depending on the type of modem and computer you are using.
Setting up a Linksys router for DSL Internet Connection
There are two ways to do this:

i.      Setting up your Linksys router using Cisco Connect (Setup CD)
ii.     Setting up your Linksys router using the web-based setup page

Setting up your Linksys router using Cisco Connect (Setup CD)

All Linksys devices come with a Setup Wizard for easy installation.  All you need to do is follow the steps provided.  The Setup Wizard/Cisco Connect software will automatically detect the type of Internet connection from your ISP.  If you lost the Setup CD that came with the router, you may download from the Cisco HomeSupport website.

NOTE:  The software assumes that your computer is connected directly to the modem as shown in the image above.

Also, the modem might have the same IP address as the Linksys’ default gateway address.  It is recommended to change the IP address of either the modem or the Linksys router to avoid an IP address conflict.  To learn how to change the IP address of the router, click here.

Setting up your Linksys router using the web-based setup page

The steps provided below will guide you on how to set up your router manually.  It is recommended to do the following steps if the Setup Wizard/ Cisco Connect software did not succeed in setting up the router automatically.

NOTE:  Before doing the following steps, make sure you know the configuration type of the modem.  To know the current configuration type of your modem, contact your ISP.

Step 1:
Connect the computer to one of the Ethernet ports on the router using an Ethernet cable.

NOTE:  Images may vary depending on the type of computer or router you are using.

Step 2:
Plug-in the router’s power adapter to a power source and connect the other end to the power port of the router.

NOTE:  If your router has a power switch, turn it ON.  Observe the power light of your router until it becomes stable.

Step 3:
Access the router’s web-based setup page by opening a web browser such as Internet Explorer or Safari.  On the Address bar, enter your router’s local IP address then press [Enter].  When the login prompt appears, enter your router’s Username and Password.

NOTE:  The default IP address of Linksys routers is 192.168.1.1 while the default password is “admin” and the user name field is left blank.  If you have set a password before but forgot it, you need to reset the device.  For instructions on how to reset a Linksys router, click here.

Step 4:
Set your preferred Internet connection type:

i.     For PPPoE Connection Setting
ii.    For Automatic Configuration – DHCP Setting

For PPPoE Connection Setting

This type of router configuration is ideal for connecting to a modem which is set to Bridged Mode.  A Bridged modem means you need to have a PPPoE dialer setup on a computer or router to activate Internet connectivity.

Step 1:
On the Setup tab, click the drop-down arrow for Internet Connection Type then, select PPPoE.

Step 2:
Enter the PPPoE Username and the Password provided by your ISP.  Select Keep Alive and click on the Save Settings button at the bottom of the page.

NOTE:  The PPPOE password is case sensitive and would not let you save your settings when you have entered the wrong one.  Make sure that you enter the password using the correct letter cases.  For information regarding your PPPoE Username and Password, contact your Internet Service Provider (ISP).

NOTE:  For information regarding your PPPoE Username and Password, contact your Internet Service Provider (ISP).

Step 3:
Click the Status tab.

Step 4:
On the Status tab, click on the Connect button if the Login Status is Disconnected.

NOTE:  If you don’t have Internet IP address and DNS servers under the Status tab you might need to powercycle the router.  Powercycling is done by unplugging the power adapter of the router for 30 seconds and plugging it back in.

For Automatic Configuration – DHCP Setting

This type of router configuration is ideal for connecting to a modem in PPPoE Mode.  This means that the modem may have its router capability activated as well.  This might create a conflict with the router’s routing operation if the IP address of the modem and router are the same.  To solve this issue, you can change the router’s IP address range to eliminate the conflict.

NOTE:  Make sure the modem is not connected to the router while doing the following steps.  Otherwise, you might end up accessing the modem’s web-based setup page.

Step 1:
On the Setup tab, select Automatic Configuration – DHCP for Internet Connection Type.  Then change the value of the 3rd box on the IP Address field.

NOTE:  In this example, the IP address used was 192.168.2.1.

Step 2:
Click Save Settings.

Now that you have configured the settings of the router, you can connect the modem to the Internet port of the router using an Ethernet cable.

You should now have successfully set up your Linksys Router for DSL Internet connection.



Thanks to :

http://www6.nohold.net/Cisco2/ukp.aspx?pid=80&login=1&app=search&vw=1&articleid=3687

Rescuing your DSL password from a Beetel 220BX ADSL2+ Modem

Posted by n00dl3s • Saturday, October 24. 2009 • Category: InSecurity In case it helps anybody...

If you don't know the DSL password which connects your Beetel 220BX to the ISP network (Airtel in India does never provide it to the customers, they'd rather send a guy to enter it by hand...), but the router still functions, you can get the passwords even though you only see ******** in the web-interface. It's really easy:

1. Connect to the router IP with telnet (user: admin, password is the same as for the web-interface)
2. Go to Management (press 9)
3. Go to Settings (press 1)
3. Dump settings (press 3)
4. Look for the line that starts with: ppp_conId1 userName="***********_dsl@airtelbroadband.in" password="cGFzc3dvcmQ=" ....
5. Copy and paste the value of password into a base64 decoder (locally or i.e. you can use an online decoder, such as here: http://www.opinionatedgeek.com/dotnet/tools/Base64Decode/)
6. Congrats, you now have your DSL password which Airtel wouldn't tell you ;)

Thanks to :

http://united-geeks.org/blog/archives/99-Rescuing-your-DSL-password-from-a-Beetel-220BX-ADSL2+-Modem.html

Pinouts - Samsung cell phones cable connector pinout

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many samsung pinouts in one image

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Thanks to :
The pinouts of any standard makes can seen here :
http://pinouts.ru/CellularPhones-P-W/all_samsung_pinout.shtml

DVDs Regional coding-S-Video-Speaker Cables

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DVD's Regional Coding

DVD's are encoded for six different regions around the world. Hollywood's film studios have been alarmed when DVD started to take off. An encoding principle was introduced, to prevent discs of the latest movies being played in countries where the particular movies have not been brought out at this time. A digital flag on the disc tells the DVD player where the DVD comes from. The DVD player should play only the permitted DVDs for the region where the DVD player was bought.
This priciple is not acceptable for professional and AV installations and a lot of interregional players are available already.

Region 0:	Plays on any DVD player
Region 1:	USA
Region 2:	Europe and Japan
Region 3:	Asian Pacific
Region 4:	Australia, New Zealand and Latin America
Region 5:	Africa, Russia and Eastern Europe
Region 6:	China and Hong Kong
Region 7:	Reserved for broadcasting
Region 8:	Special international venues (airplanes, cruise ships, etc.)

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Television Standards by Country

COUNTRY	SIGNAL TYPE
AFGHANISTAN	PAL B, SECAM B
ALBANIA	PAL B/G
ALGERIA	PAL B/G
ANGOLA	PAL I
ANTARCTICA	NTSC M
ANTIGUA & BARBUDA	NTSC M
ARGENTINA	PAL N
ARMENIA	SECAM D/K
ARUBA	NTSC M
AUSTRALIA	PAL B/G
AUSTRIA	PAL B/G
AZERBAIJAN	SECAM D/K
AZORES	PAL B
BAHAMAS	NTSC M
BAHRAIN	PAL B/G
BANGLADESH	PAL B
BARBADOS	NTSC M
BELARUS	SECAM D/K
BELGIUM	PAL B/H
BELGIUM (ARMED FORCES NETWORK)	NTSC M
BELIZE	NTSC M
BENIN	SECAM K
BERMUDA	NTSC M
BOLIVIA	NTSC M
BOSNIA/HERZEGOVINA	PAL B/H
BOTSWANA	SECAM K, PAL I
BRAZIL	PAL M
BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY (AF DIEGO GARCIA TV - AFRTS)	NTSC M
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM	PAL B
BULGARIA	PAL
BURKINA FASO	SECAM K
BURUNDI	SECAM K
CAMBODIA	PAL B/G, NTSC M
CAMEROON	PAL B/G
CANADA	NTSC M
CANARY ISLANDS	PAL B/G
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC	SECAM K
CHAD	SECAM D
CHILE	NTSC M
CHINA (PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC)	PAL D
COLOMBIA	NTSC M
CONGO (PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC)	SECAM K
CONGO, DEM. REP. (ZAIRE)	SECAM K
COOK ISLANDS	PAL B
COSTA RICA	NTSC M
COTE D'IVOIRE (IVORY COAST)	SECAM K/D
CROATIA	PAL B/H
CUBA	NTSC M
CYPRUS	PAL B/G
CZECH REPUBLIC	PAL B/G (cable), PAL D/K (broadcast)
DENMARK	PAL B/G
DIEGO GARCIA	NTSC M
DJIBOUTI	SECAM K
DOMINICA	NTSC M
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC	NTSC M
EAST TIMOR	PAL B
EASTER ISLAND	PAL B
ECUADOR	NTSC M
EGYPT	PAL B/G, SECAM B/G
EL SALVADOR	NTSC M
EQUITORIAL GUINEA	SECAM B
ESTONIA	PAL B/G
ETHIOPIA	PAL B
FALKLAND ISLANDS (LAS MALVINAS)	PAL I
FIJI	NTSC M
FINLAND	PAL B/G
FRANCE	SECAM L
FRANCE (FRENCH FORCES TV)	SECAM G
GABON	SECAM K
GALAPAGOS ISLANDS	NTSC M
GAMBIA	PAL B
GEORGIA	SECAM D/K
GERMANY	PAL B/G
GERMANY (ARMED FORCES TV GERMANY)	NTSC M
GHANA	PAL B/G
GIBRALTAR	PAL B/G
GREECE	PAL B/G
GREENLAND	PAL B
GRENADA	NTSC M
GUAM	NTSC M
GUADELOUPE	SECAM K
GUATEMALA	NTSC M
GUIANA (FRENCH)	SECAM K
GUINEA	PAL K
GUYANA	NTSC M
HAITI	SECAM
HONDURAS	NTSC M
HONG KONG	PAL I
HUNGARY	PAL K/K
ICELAND	PAL B/G
INDIA	PAL B
INDONESIA	PAL B
IRAN	SECAM B/G
IRAQ	PAL
IRELAND, REPUBLIC OF	PAL I
ISLE OF MAN	PAL
ISRAEL	PAL B/G
ITALY	PAL B/G
JAMAICA	NTSC M
JAPAN	NTSC M
JOHNSTONE ISLAND	NTSC M
JORDAN	PAL B/G
KAZAKHSTAN	SECAM D/K
KENYA	PAL B/G
KOREA (NORTH)	SECAM D, PAL D/K
KOREA (SOUTH)	NTSC M
KUWAIT	PAL B/G
KYRGYZ REPUBLIC	SECAM D/K
LAOS	PAL B
LATVIA	PAL B/G, SECAM D/K
LEBANON	PAL B/G
LESOTHO	PAL K
LIBERIA	PAL B/H
LIBYA	PAL B/G
LIECHTENSTEIN	PAL B/G
LITHUANIA	PAL B/G, SECAM D/K
LUXEMBOURG	PAL B/G, SECAM L
MACAU	PAL I
MACEDONIA	PAL B/H
MADAGASCAR	SECAM K
MADEIRA	PAL B
MALAYSIA	PAL B
MALDIVES	PAL B
MALI	SECAM K
MALTA	PAL B
MARSHALL ISLANDS	NTSC M
MARTINIQUE	SECAM K
MAURITANIA	SECAM B
MAURITIUS	SECAM B
MAYOTTE	SECAM K
MEXICO	NTSC M
MICRONESIA	NTSC M
MIDWAY ISLAND	NTSC M
MOLDOVA (MOLDAVIA)	SECAM D/K
MONACO	SECAM L, PAL G
MONGOLIA	SECAM D
MONTSERRAT	NTSC M
MOROCCO	SECAM B
MOZAMBIQUE	PAL B
MYANMAR (BURMA)	NTSC M
NAMIBIA	PAL I
NEPAL	B
NETHERLANDS	PAL B/G
NETHERLANDS (ARMED FORCES NETWORK)	NTSC M
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES	NTSC M
NEW CALEDONIA	SECAM K
NEW ZEALAND	PAL B/G
NICARAGUA	NTSC M
NIGER	SECAM K
NIGERIA	PAL B/G
NORFOLK ISLAND	PAL B
NORTH MARIANA ISLANDS	NTSC M
NORWAY	PAL B/G
OMAN	PAL B/G
PAKISTAN	PAL B
PALAU	NTSC M
PANAMA	NTSC M
PAPUA NEW GUINEA	PAL B/G
PARAGUAY	PAL N
PERU	NTSC M
PHILIPPINES	NTSC M
POLAND	PAL D/K
POLYNESIA (FRENCH)	SECAM K
PORTUGAL	PAL B/G
PUERTO RICO	NTSC M
QATAR	PAL B
REUNION	SECAM K
ROMANIA	PAL D/G
RUSSIA	SECAM D/K
ST. KITTS & NEVIS	NTSC M
ST. LUCIA	NTSC M
ST. PIERRE ET MIQUELON	SECAM K
ST. VINCENT	NTSC M
SAO TOMÉ E PRINCIPE	PAL B/G
SAMOA,	AMERICAN NTSC
SAUDI ARABIA	SECAM B/G, PAL B
SAMOA	NTSC M
SENEGAL	SECAM K
SEYCHELLES	PAL B/G
SIERRA LEONE	PAL B/G
SINGAPORE	PAL B/G
SLOVAKIA	PAL B/G
SLOVENIA	PAL B/H
SOMALIA	PAL B/G
SOUTH AFRICA	PAL I
SPAIN	PAL B/G
SRI LANKA	PAL
SUDAN	PAL B
SURINAME	NTSC M
SWAZILAND	PAL B/G
SWEDEN	PAL B/G
SWITZERLAND	PAL B/G
SYRIA	SECAM B, PAL G
TAHITI	SECAM
TAIWAN	NTSC
TAJIKISTAN	SECAM D/K
TANZANIA	PAL B
THAILAND	PAL B/M
TOGO	SECAM K
TRINIDAD & TOBAGO	NTSC M
TUNISIA	SECAM B/G
TURKEY	PAL B
TURKMENISTAN	SECAM D/K
TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS	NTSC M
UGANDA	PAL B/G
UKRAINE	SECAM D/K
URUGUAY	PAL N
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES	PAL B/G
UNITED STATES	NTSC M
UNITED KINGDOM	PAL I
UZBEKISTAN	SECAM D/K
VENEZUELA	NTSC M
VIETNAM	NTSC M,SECAM D
VIRGIN ISLANDS (US & BRITISH)	NTSC M
WALLIS & FUTUNA	SECAM K
YEMEN	PAL B/NTSC M
YUGOSLAVIA	PAL B/G
ZAMBIA	PAL B/G
ZIMBABWE	PAL B/G

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S-Video / S-VHS 4-pin Din Plug Wiring Diagram

For Wiring a Scart for SVHS - see Scart Connector Pin Tables All connectors are available from www.lektropacks.co.uk

S-Video Connection Pinout
PIN	DESCRIPTION		Impedance	Level
1	GND	Ground (Y)	.	.
2	GND	Ground ©	.	.
3	Y	Intensity (Luminance)	75 Ohms	1V incl. Sync.
4	C	Color (Chrominance)	75 Ohms	0.3V Burst
View to the solder side of the male connector

S-Video Cable for Scart S-Video Input
S-Video Out TV	Scart (Input)
Luminance Out (Y)	20	Luminance In
Chrominance Out (C)	15	Chrominance In
GND	4+17	GND
Audio Out L	2	Audio In L
Audio Out R	6	Audio In R

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Understanding Resolutions, Pixels & Scan Rates

Resolutions Resolution means the number of pixels (dots), which are points of colour that a display monitor contains. This is expressed in the; number of pixels there are on the width, and the number of pixels on the height, of the display screen.

i.e. 640 x 480 = 680 dots across the screen and 480 dots down the screen.

Different resolutions are: i.e. VGA, SVGA, XGA, SXGA & UXGA

The following table summarizes the categories of screen resolution, as discussed above:

Width x Height (pixels)	Video Display Category
640 x 480	VGA
800 X 600	SVGA
1024 X 768	XGA
1280 X 1024	SXGA
1600 X 1200	UXGA

For DVI/HDTV formats see DVI & HDTV Formats.

What are Pixels?

The pixel is the basic unit of programmable colour on a computer display or image. The physical size of the pixel depends on how the resolution on the display screen has been set. Modern technology has given us the Plasma, LCD & Projector that can now offer a variety of screen settings (resolutions); and screen sharpness is often expressed as dpi (dots (pixels) per inch). Both the screen size and the resolution setting of the screen determine dots per inch - i.e. an image/picture will have a lower resolution (fewer dots per inch) on a large screen because the dots have to spread themselves out over a physical larger area.

Scan Rates

Scan rates are the determined speed of which the screen can redraw a single image it is also referred to as the Refresh Rate. The faster the scan rate (refresh rate) the quicker the re-draw thus less motion artefacts on fast moving action scenes.
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Speaker Cables

Hi-Fi purists make a lot of noise about speaker cables, sometimes spending several hundreds of pounds on a metre of specialist cable. However, the main function of speaker cable is to provide a low-resistance path between the amplifier and the loudspeaker, so thin bell wire is obviously a bad idea – not only will thin wire take some of your amplifiers power and turn it into heat, it will markedly reduce the damping factor of the amplifier.
Without getting too technical, the damping factor of an amplifier is its ability to sink the current being produced when a loudspeaker overshoots its position and starts to function as a generator rather than a motor; thus the amplifier damps the speaker movement, keeping it under control – producing a tighter more accurate bass end.
The most pragmatic approach is to use the shortest speaker leads you can, make sure they are both the same length, and choose heavier cable.
The simple matter about speaker cables is that by far the most important element is the cables resistance. Resistance is not everything, capacitance, inductance and other poindexter-type wire qualities do play their role, but none of them matter until the resistance is bought under control. Generally, you should think in terms of the resistance as being about 75% of any speaker cables performance.
To simplify, resistance can be thought of as the size of a pipe in a plumbing system. The bigger the pipe, the more water it can pass and the lower the resistance. The smaller the pipe, the less water it can pass and thus higher resistance. Resistance is a function not only of size but length too – therefore the longer your cable the more resistance it will have. The moral of this story is, the lower resistance a speaker cable has, the more signal it will allow to pass through.
The basic way to lower the resistance is to increase the amount (gauge) of wire used. Wire is typically measured in gauge, i.e. number of strands inside the cable.
We would recommend nothing less than a 42 strand, 79 strands being the most popular but gauges up to 252 strands are available.
Speaker cable is a minefield of conflicting information; many manufacturers claiming all manner of results, which cannot be electrically tested (very convenient), only when listening will one be able to experience the difference (obviously with the help of the placebo effect and an over zealous salesman).

Bi-Wire

At this point we fell we should mention bi-wiring, this is a system which uses a separate low and high frequency speaker signal being sent from a bi-wired amplifier to a pair of bi-wired speakers.
The principle being that your speaker has at least two drivers, a bass driver and a treble driver (tweeter) – speakers with this b-wire input are designed to accept separate low frequency (bass) and high frequency (treble) signals from your amplifier. Thus allowing each separate driver in the speaker to only receive the frequencies that it intends to output, i.e. your bass driver is only sent the bass sounds of any music playing and thus the bass driver does not try to reproduce the treble frequencies and can therefore produces a tighter, crisper and timely bass with the reverse being true for the treble.

So how can we summarise Speaker Cables?

1. Speaker cable cannot make your system any better – only reduce the amount of loss.
2. Shorter cable lengths where possible – the longer the cable the more signal loss.
3. Longer lengths double the gauge of cable. (i.e. short runs being made in a 79 strand, therefore for the longer runs double the gauge and use an 168 strand.)
4. If you have an amplifier and speakers that accept bi-wire – USE IT.
5. The best speaker cables – do not have any; use amplified speakers (of course you can then have pre-amp issues).

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Thanks to :
http://www.theavguide.co.uk/view_page.php?cat=10&&page=40

An Introduction to VGA and its pinout

An Introduction to VGA

VGA was introduced in 1987 and is abbreviated for “Video Graphics Array” this system was introduced as an interface between a computer and its corresponding monitor. Since its introduction several other standards have been introduced offering greater resolutions; i.e. SVGA, XGA SXGA & UXGA.
For an understanding of these resolutions and corresponding pixels and scan rates - see Understanding Resolutions, Pixels & Scan Rates.
As The AV Guide is an “Easy Guide for the Home User” we do not wish to go into depth on the subject of VGA – only where it is applicable to Plasma’s, LCD’s and Projectors.

It is important to understand that all Plasma Screens, LCD’s and Projectors were actually designed to receive computer images and they are therefore basically computer monitors. The first Plasma’s, only used to offer a 15pin D-Sub (VGA) input for a VGA - RGBHV signal only.

Due to the fast technology advancement, these display devices were quickly introduced into the Home Theatre Market. Today most Plasma Screens, LCD’s and Projectors offer standard A/V connections which means that they have a built in scaler that converts from the standard AV signal to a higher grade signal; although the quality of these scalers differ vastly.
See page on Understanding Scalers.
Please Note: there is common misunderstanding of the term VGA – VGA is a RGBHV type video signal that is sent from a PC to any monitor and is strictly speaking not a connector type.

The actual connector is called a 15pin D-Sub

VGA is carried via a 15pin D-Sub Connector.

i.e.

The common Scart can carry composite, S-Video & RGB providing the scart sockets on both the sending & receiving devices have been wired for either S-Video / RGB or both. Likewise; the 15pin D-Sub Connector is the same in context – it can carry the standard VGA- RGBHV video signal plus RGBS, RGB sync on green and Component Video (Y/Pb/PR) providing the 15pin D-sub connector sockets have been wired for the purpose. REMEMBER - all signals delivered via a 15pin D-Sub (VGA) connector will be analogue only.

15-pin D-Sub (VGA) Connector Pinout

1. Red out	6. Red return	11. Monitor ID 0 in
2. Green out	7. Green return (ground)	12. Monitor ID 1 in or data from display
3. Blue out	8. Blue return (ground)	13. Horizontal Sync out
4. Unused	9.	14. Vertical sync
5. Ground	10. Sync return (ground)	15. Monitor ID 3 in or data clock

From the chart above, the 15pin D-Sub Connector has three separate connectors for the red, green and blue colour signals, and two connectors for the horizontal and vertical sync signals. In a normal standard AV analogue signal – the three colours can be wired together outputting a composite video signal or the colours separated as above but the two Horizontal & Vertical Syncs wired together giving you an RGB signal via scart. The separation of the signals is one reason why a computer monitor can have so many more pixels than a TV set.

Thanks to:
http://www.theavguide.co.uk/view_page.php?cat=8&&page=25#

Acer - Aspire one happy - Netbook - Driver for Atheros Fast ethernet - Ubuntu driver

Re: Wired ethernet not getting detected  in Acer - Aspire one happy Netbook

Your ethernet hardware seems to be quite new and doesn't have a driver built into Ubuntu as of yet. However, there's a driver included in the compat-wireless stack that you can use (I have no idea why they included an ethernet driver in compat-wireless, but according to these emails, someone did).

To download, compile and install the driver, first go to http://linuxwireless.org/download/compat-wireless-2.6 and download the file named "compat-wireless-2.6.tar.bz2" (you can't download it in the terminal because of anti-hotlinking). Save it to your desktop. Then run these commands (the first two commands require that you either have an Internet connection, or have your Ubuntu installation CD enabled as a software repository):

Code: 

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install build-essential 

cd ~/Desktop tar -xjvf compat-wireless-2.6.tar.bz2

cd compat-wireless* 

scripts/driver-select atl1c

make 

sudo make install 

Then reboot. 

Hopefully your ethernet will work automatically after reboot; if not, run: Code: sudo modprobe atl1c to insert the driver. Let me know how it goes. We can probably make your wireless work too, if you're interested.

Thanks to :
 http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=9449490

To meet u

Subnet mask Quick reference:

Thanks to :
 http://www.techrepublic.com/article/ip-subnetting-made-easy/6089187

iperf tool for tcp and udp traffic generations

TCP Uplink

CONSOLE:
iperf -s -i 1

STA:
iperf -c [-t 90] -i 1
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TCP Downlink

CONSOLE:
iperf -c [-t 90]

STA:
iperf -s -i 1
-------------------------------------
Multicast

iperf -c 225.0.0.1 -u -b 80k 92 -i 1

iperf -s -u -b 225.0.0.1 -i 1

Are URLs on your servers "case sensitive"?

No, our Web servers do not treat URLs as being case sensitive. This means that your visitors won't see an error page if they follow a link that accidentally points to a file named "mypage.html" on your Web site if the file is actually named "MyPage.html": they'll see the "MyPage.html" file, just as you would expect.
However, there's a little more to it than that. The sections below have more details.

Some background information

We should first explain exactly what we mean by "case sensitive URLs". Some Web servers (usually Unix servers, such as the ones we use) consider URLs to be case-sensitive. That is, they would treat each of the following URLs as referring to a different file:

http://www.example.com/mypage.html
http://www.example.com/MyPage.html
http://www.example.com/MYPAGE.html
http://www.example.com/MYPAGE.HTML

If you visited "http://www.example.com/mypage.html" but the file was actually named "MyPage.html", these kinds of servers would display a "file not found" error.
Other Web servers (mostly Windows servers) would treat all these URLs as requests for the same file, because they use a file system that doesn't care about capitalization. Using an incorrectly capitalized link on these kinds of servers doesn't cause an error.
It's best to avoid this problem by making sure that the capitalization of any URL links matches the capitalization of your file names, ensuring that your files work on any kind of server. However, if you have an existing site, these errors can be difficult to find.

So do these kinds of links work on Tiger Technologies servers?

Yes. Our servers use special software that makes links work even if they contain capitalization errors. In other words, although we use Unix servers for reliability, our servers treat URLs in the same forgiving fashion as Windows servers.
That means that if you're transferring your Web site from a Windows server to Tiger Technologies, you don't need to worry about fixing the capitalization of links to avoid "file not found" errors. If your file is named "MyPage.html" and you have a link referring to "mypage.html", it will work, just as it did on a Windows server.
That's not to say that you shouldn't try to make your links match your file names. For technical reasons, pages that are accessed through miscapitalized links take a little more time to load. The delay is only a few milliseconds, but every little bit helps.

Some technical details

Advanced users may be interested in knowing how URLs can be case insensitive even though Unix servers use a case-sensitive file system. The answer is that we use an Apache Web server module called "mod_speling" (sic), which "fixes" URL requests that don't exactly match an existing file. We have mod_speling configured to look for matches that differ only in terms of case, which almost always "does the right thing".
We should mention that there is a (quite rare) potential issue when relying on mod_speling to fix miscapitalized links, which is that mod_speling does not change the fact that the actual file system can still allow files with different capitalization to exist simultaneously. This can cause subtle problems if you mistakenly upload two files with names that differ only in capitalization.
For example, if you upload a file named "mypage.html", then later upload a file named "MyPage.html", both files will exist on the disk, just as they would on any Unix server. The second upload will not replace the first file as it would on a Windows server. If you then use a link named "mypage.html", you're always going to see "mypage.html", even though you might be expecting to see the new "MyPage.html" file you more recently uploaded. Stranger still, if you use a link that doesn't match either file — say, "MYPAGE.HTML" — you'll appear to get one of the files at random. Again, just make sure that your link capitalization matches the file names you upload to avoid any potential problems.

Thanks to :
http://support.tigertech.net/case-sensitive